Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world. Despite all its complications, there are ways that can greatly facilitate a person's life. First of all, you need to follow a certain diet.
If you properly follow the prescribed diet, diabetes will not affect the general health in any way, and moreover, the chances of various kinds of complications including heart attack, stroke etc. are reduced.
type of diet
The diet for diabetes itself is determined depending on the type and age group of the disease. So there are general principles for the formulation of proper nutrition, which are adjusted depending on the individual indicators of the human body.
Since the disease is impossible to cure, a certain menu is prescribed to reduce the risk of it. It is necessary to have the right food at a clearly specified time:
- reducing the risk of chronic and acute complications,
- maintaining good health and relatively strong immunity,
- preventing or reducing weight gain,
- Keeping blood sugar levels within acceptable limits.
There are two types of diabetes. The first, in other words, is called insulin-dependent. Its development is associated with the damage and death of cells located in the pancreas and responsible for the production of insulin.
In addition, nutrition aims to maintain the process of insulin therapy and is an additional way to control disease. Its principles are similar to those followed by healthy people in achieving a good figure and well-being.
The main difference is the need to calculate the amount of carbohydrates. Since the treatment of type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, you need to look at what percentage of the daily diet is given for carbohydrates. As a rule, It should not exceed 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes, it is also insulin-independent, develops in obese people, accordingly, diet is in the first place. At the initial stage of the disease or in mild, it is rational to get rid of excess weight.
When this type of diabetes reaches a moderate or severe form, in addition to diet, medications to lower blood sugar or insulin are prescribed. It is worth noting that in such cases you should also pay special attention to physical activity. Thanks to them, a problem like obesity can be solved without surgery.
The most popular diets are the so-called tables 8 and 9. The eighth diet table is applicable for those who are overweight or have a tendency to become overweight. The ninth is taken as the basis for prescribing a diet for diabetics.
Diet number 9 for diabetes
Diet number 9 is considered curative and is prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates). It is also aimed at preventing disorders associated with fat metabolism. Its caloric content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
The characteristics of this type of diet are as follows:
- Calorie intake should be reduced by eating animal fats and carbohydrates that are easily digestible (except sweets and sugar),
- partial restriction or complete elimination of cholesterol and salt,
- more vitamins and fiber intake,
- Protein content should be within normal limits.
All healthy diets, including the ninth one, are based on correct food intake. You need to eat often and in small portions. Overall, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
Fried or boiled items should be eaten as little as possible or forgotten entirely. The first should be baked and boiled. It is best to design a menu for the week, as this will make it easier to keep track of. Special preference should be given to the following products:
- thin flesh
- lean fish
- vegetables that contain no more than 5% carbohydrates,
- fruits (not all),
- Natural drink without sugar.
As for condiments and eggs, their intake should be limited. This is especially true for egg yolks. The amount of protein per day should not exceed 1. 5 pieces. In addition to the fact that diabetics, pastaIt is necessary to exclude sweets from the menu for pasta and puff pastry, pickled vegetables are also prohibited.
Bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all its derivatives should categorically not be consumed. The same applies to fats such as pork, lamb and beef. To get the necessary fats, you need butter (not salt) and vegetableOil should be eaten in moderation.
Diet number 9 is the basis that is used in the appointment of the necessary nutrition. It is adjusted depending on the individual indicators of a person with diabetes. There are different types of diets that you can combine and find the one that suits you. can.
What is a Bread Unit?
Since the point in proper nutrition for diabetics is to consume a certain amount of carbohydrates, you should know how that nutritional norm is determined, depending on how much and what foods you should eat.
All products, which include carbohydrates, have different physical properties and calories. These characteristics are not subject to the usual measurement method. In addition, nutrition in diabetes mellitus requires greater control over your daily intake.
To make it easier to determine how much you should eat this or that product and not go beyond what is allowed, nutritionists have introduced the term "bread unit". This concept is used in cases whereInsulin intake is prescribed to a diabetic patient.
With such a measured unit, it becomes very easy for a person to understand what can be eaten and drunk and what cannot. He prepares his healthy menu based on individual indicators, and certain foods containing carbohydrates. Substances can also be changed.
As a rule, a person should consume from 18 to 25 such units per day. Since there should be five meals, it is logical to distribute this amount rationally all the time. The main "dose" in the first half of the dayMust enter the body. To keep track of the number of units of bread consumed, you can write for yourself a menu by day.
How many calories to consume per day?
The diabetes mellitus diet requires the rejection of many foods and dishes that previously could be included in the daily diet. However, you should not confuse it with a food that increases the level of sugar you need to lose those extra pounds. allows normalization.
The purpose of nutrition for type 1 diabetes is to accurately calculate how much insulin is needed. Caloric content in this case does not play such an important role. It should be monitored so as not to gain weight.
Diet type 2 diabetes requires greater control over calorie intake, as it often develops in the presence of obesity. However, their count is not even worth bringing up to fanaticism.
The number of calories per day is calculated based on individual indicators of the body. The diet itself should be low in carbohydrates, but this does not mean that there is a complete lack of carbohydrates. You need to eat your fill, but it is importantThat you don't eat too much.
When the question arises, what can you eat with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you need to almost sit on breadcrumbs and water. This is absolutely impossible. The food should be complete, containing vitamins and fiber.
There are various recipes for delicious, satisfying and at the same time healthy dishes that will not let you recover, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy. What specific foods should be consumed and how many calories per dayAllowed, should discuss this with your doctor.
useful and unhealthy food
Low-carb diets are different. For a healthy person, they are less strict than for someone who has been diagnosed with diabetes. But they have the same meaning. They differ in the main list of products that are meant for diabetics. are divided into healthy and harmful.
useful
- all kinds of vegetables,
- greens (spinach, sorrel, dill),
- mushroom,
- Meat and fish (lean),
- coffee and tea,
- Pure water.
Harmful
Slight increase in sugar:
- Potato,
- Cereal,
- Pasta, including hard varieties,
- milk products.
Rapidly rising sugar
- sweets,
- honey,
- drinks with added sugar,
- Liquor,
- Grapes and its derivatives,
- Hot and salty seasoning.
This division of products is generally accepted and is often taken as the basis for developing menus for diabetes mellitus. But what is good for one person may be bad for another. Something is relative, an individual diet is designed for each diabetic.
how to eat for obesity
It is believed that in order to lose weight you must follow a strict low-calorie diet. But the thing is that it does not work. Many studies have shown that with a decrease in the calorie content of your diet, hungerApart from the constant feeling of hunger, hunger causes nothing more than fainting, nervousness and other things.
With such a diet, it will be possible to lose a few kilograms, but if at the same time the body is distinguished by elasticity and good muscle mass, then this is all that will leave it in the first place. subcutaneous fatFat will not go anywhere, and sometimes, on the contrary, will accumulate even more.
A protein diet involves the active intake of protein and a parallel reduction in the amount of fats and carbohydrates. The approach is not only bad, but it also has its own nuances. Again, it is impossible to overdo it with proteins, and eliminate fats from the diet. It is completely forbidden to exclude. Carbohydrate deficiency will lead to a loss of vital energy.
In the end, it all comes down to a low carb diet. Reducing sugar is essential in itself. In losing weight, it's not exactly a life saver, but it's the best of all productions. All the necessary elements necessary for maintaining the activity of life enter the body.
Thus, when there is a rational amount of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, the body does not need to accumulate. The metabolism begins to work like a clock, there is no chronic hunger, the symptoms of the disease are practical. forms disappear, and the person becomes more active.
diet for type 1 diabetes
To maintain a healthy body with type 1 diabetes, the same low-carb diet is needed. But in this case one must be strict. Table number does not play a special role here, although diet number 9 is often taken as the basisgoes.
The problem is that the effect of insulin is also very different, so it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators. Therefore it is necessary to adhere to a certain diet. The less carbohydrates enter the body, the less insulin is needed.
It should be understood that your own regimen is tied to your individual insulin dosage. Therefore, when developing your menu, you need to take into account the dosage of the drug. It is better to schedule it by the day to make it easier to followIs.
diet for type 2 diabetes
Since type 2 diabetes is less complex than type 1 diabetes, the diet is essential to lose weight and prevent it in the future. Again, low-carb diets are also recommended. Of course, this is a hypothesized diet to be followed. Being adjusted. Means the normalization of glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as the control of insulin resistance.
Some people practice taking various diet pills and treating with folk remedies. You should forget about the first one, because at best these drugs will not make sense.
Folk remedies, as a rule, include any herbal infusions and decoctions. If you really understand medicinal plants, perhaps something will come out of it, but you should not make it the basis of treatment.
renal failure
Against the background of the disease, kidney failure can develop. It should be understood that this is not due to dietary protein, as many mistakenly believe, but due to high blood sugar levels.
The active development of such a disease stops when the glucose level returns to normal. For this the diet helps. Protein is not excluded from the diet, but you need to work with carbohydrates. Proper nutrition available for can also lead to the fact that the kidneys are fully restored.
However, if the process is taken to an extreme, there will be no return to a healthy kidney. Also, in such a case, a low-carb diet can accelerate the destructive process. There is a need to monitor, and to control your nutrition, a table made for yourself will help, where the recipes and dosages of insulin are prescribed, if necessary.
other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age. In children, this can happen against the background of the fact that flour products, sweets were consumed in excess. By detecting the problem in time and starting to solve it correctlyYou can avoid complications.
In women, this disease can occur due to various reasons. Constant stress, abundant nutrition (mostly unhealthy foods), as well as inactivity can lead to excess weight and, as a result, can lead to type 2 diabetes.
Often there is a situation when the disease occurs during pregnancy. This is due to hormonal imbalance. In addition, during this period a woman can actively consume foods that can lead to the development of diabetes. Huh.
As a rule, there are less strict diets for pregnant women, aimed at normalizing processes in the body and partially losing weight, but at the same time without harm to the fetus.
With gestational diabetes or diabetes during pregnancy, strict nutrition should be discussed only with a specialist. The diet should be adjusted taking into account the fact that parallel development of the fetus occurs. Except any product, You may harm the unborn baby.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops slightly less in men than in women. This is due to the fact that they have a slightly accelerated metabolism. But junk food, alcohol addiction and little physical activity can easily lead to such a problem. Is.